At a time of rapid technological development, the integration of immersive technologies defined by Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and the broad category of Extended Reality (XR) represents a further evolutionary step in digital transformation in the construction sector. These technologies open up innovative ways in which we can interact with our environment, expand it and redesign it.
VR completely immerses you in the digital environment, enabling full immersion, while AR enriches the real world with digital information and objects. MR combines elements of both by creating a seamless integration of real and virtual worlds. XR as an umbrella term encompasses all of these technologies and is crucial to understanding their convergence and unique application possibilities.

The learning outcomes of the module are divided into three main areas: Knowledge, Skills and Competencies. Each area is designed to develop an in-depth understanding and practical skills required for the effective application and analysis of XR in different contexts. From exploring fundamental concepts and technologies to developing skills for their application and evaluation, this module aims to equip students with the necessary tools to succeed in the ever-evolving world of immersive technologies. Furthermore, students will recognize how XR is ushering in a significant cultural shift as digitalization continues to advance, which can extend beyond construction to all areas of life, from academia to personal life. This module not only provides an insight into the future world of work in construction, but also prepares students to use these technologies in an interactive, time- and location-independent manner in various areas, which will benefit them both professionally and privately.

Knowledge (knowledge and understanding):

• Basics of XR
  • Students should understand the basic concepts and differences between XR (VR, AR and MR).
• Technological basics
  • An understanding of the technological fundamentals of XR, including hardware and software.
• Critical analysis skills
  • The development of critical analysis skills to evaluate the use of XR technology, including the pros and cons.
• Comparison with conventional technologies
  • Students should examine XR in the context of traditional technologies such as BIM and CAD and clearly identify the differences.
• The future of construction
  • Understanding the challenges and opportunities of XR for the future of construction.

• Technical expertise in XR
  • Gain practical skills in the use of XR tools based on the technological basics acquired in the knowledge section.
• Application of XR in planning
  • Application of XR technologies in planning processes to deepen the understanding of the opportunities and challenges of these technologies in a real-world context.
• Direct interaction with 3D models
  • Develop the ability to manipulate 3D models in XR environments to enhance the understanding of the interaction between real and virtual objects.
• Integration of XR with BIM and CAD
  • Use of XR in combination with BIM and CAD to maximize the benefits of these technologies in construction planning and visualization.
• Development of visualization skills
  • Develop the ability to visualize complex building designs and models based on an understanding of XR and how it differs from traditional technologies.
• Solution-oriented thinking through XR
  • Development of problem-solving strategies using XR technologies to promote creative and innovative solutions to construction-related challenges.
• Analysis of case studies
  • Analysis of case studies to capture and evaluate the real-world impact and potential of VR/AR/MR in construction, enabling a deeper understanding of the practical application of these technologies.

• Collaboration in VR/AR environments
  • Develop the ability to work effectively and collaboratively in virtual environments, including team coordination and collaborative problem solving in V/AR-based projects.
• Promotion of interdisciplinary cooperation
  • Stimulating and supporting cooperation between different specialist areas in order to utilize the full potential of XR technologies in various application areas.
• Adaptability to different technologies
  • Developing the ability to work flexibly with different XR systems, including rapid familiarization with new technologies and platforms.
• Evaluating XR applications
  • Learn how to evaluate XR applications in terms of their practicality and cost-effectiveness, including analyzing cost-benefit ratios and identifying opportunities for use in specific projects.

None

In this module, participants are not only introduced to the technical aspects of XR in construction, but also familiarized with a new learning culture. These innovative technologies are not only changing the way we learn and teach, but also the way we interact and collaborate. While the module focuses on the categories directly relevant to the construction industry - structural design, structural planning and construction - it also covers construction operations, historic reconstruction and conservation, and education and training. This holistic approach enables participants to recognize and utilize the broad applicability of XR in the construction industry and beyond.

The following activities are planned in relation to the defined learning objectives:
Knowledge:

• Introduction to XR technologies: Overview of the basics, historical development, and current trends.
• Comparison of XR with BIM and CAD: Detailed analysis of the differences and similarities.
• Potential and challenges of XR in the construction industry: Discussion of future developments and their impact, as well as current studies and case studies.

• Practical application of XR tools: Hands-on exercises with various software solutions.
• Planning processes with XR: Case studies and project work on the integration of XR in real construction projects.
• Interaction with 3D models: Exercises for manipulating and customizing models.
• Safety applications of AR: application scenarios and simulations to improve construction site safety and the operation of structures.

• Collaborative project work in VR/AR environments: Group projects to promote teamwork and problem solving.
• Interdisciplinary cooperation: workshops and discussion rounds with experts from various specialist areas.
• Case study analysis and critical evaluation: Examination of real examples to assess practicability and cost-effectiveness.

• Use of VR for immersive design experiences and direct modeling in virtual environments.
• M/AR applications for overlaying designs in real environments and for interactive design.

• Integration of V/AR in BIM processes for visualization and interaction with construction plans.
• Development of V/AR scenarios for effective communication of construction plans and collaboration within the planning team.

• Use of AR to visualize construction plans on site, check compliance and identify potential problems.
• Using VR to simulate construction processes and train workers in safe, controlled environments.

• VR/AR technologies to support facility management, for example through interactive maintenance instructions.
• AR applications for quick access to construction plans and technical data during maintenance work.

• VR visualization of historic buildings and structures for education and cultural understanding.
• AR support for restoration work to emphasize the original condition and historical details.

• Development and use of XR modules for construction training, including virtual construction site visits and interactive learning scenarios.
• Application of XR in the training of craftsmen and skilled workers, e.g. by simulating real construction environments.

Ralf Dörner, Wolfgang Broll, Paul Grimm, Bernhard Jung: Virtual und Augmented Reality (VR/AR): Grundlagen und Methoden der Virtuellen und Augmentierten Realität; Springer Vieweg Verlag, (2019)
Armin Grasnick: Grundlagen der virtuellen Realität: Von der Entdeckung der Perspektive bis zur VR-Brille Springer Vieweg Verlag, (2020)
Indika Wijesooriya: Mastering Augmented Reality Development with Unity: Create immersive and engaging AR experiences with Unity, BPB Publications, (2023)
Horst Orsolits, Maximilian Lackner: Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality in der Digitalen Produktion, Springer Gabler, (2020)
Sabine Seufert, Siegfried Handschuh: Generative Künstliche Intelligenz: ChatGPT und Co für Bildung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Schäfer Poeschel Verlag, (2024)

Lecture, exercises and project work

Integrated module examination
Final examination character: written project work.